GT2...
Sometimes I have these brilliant ideas that turn out not to be so brilliant after all. So this one time I decided to help somebody put a prebiotic on the market to help people with hep c. So I talked my research partner into joining me and spent a couple off years researching pro/prebiotics. So if you don't mind, I'd like to share some of what I learned.
PRObiotics, as you said are live beneficial bacteria. PREbiotics are cell wall fragments from dead bacteria (that's why they don't have to be refrigerated). Prebiotics are not food for probiotics. They don't feed microbiota. They stimulate the intestinal goblet cells to increase and to produce more mucus. Microbiota, specifically Akkermansia Muciniphila (the dominant bacteria in humans), then harvest sugars from the mucus and use them as food source.
A decrease in the abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila in gut microbiota causes reduced production and layer thickness of mucus and reduces gut permeability. In other words, it causes LEAKY GUT. Leaky gut can be caused by antibiotics disrupting normal intestinal flora, obesity, Cirrhosis, high cholesterol, Insulin resistance/Diabetes, fatty liver, alcohol use, GI problems (like stomach ulcers, diarrhea, Barrett's esophagus, H,Pylori infection, colitis, etc).
Why is having leaky gut a problem?
The liver is the first organ that encounters venous blood from the small and large intestines via the portal vein. So that makes the liver vulnerable to exposure of bacterial products coming from the intestines. Translocation of large amounts of gut-derived products is usually prevented by an intact barrier system. So in a healthy organism only minor quantities of bacterial products reach the liver. In general, the liver tolerates small amounts of bacterial products in order to avoid harmful responses, but damage of the intestinal epithelial barrier results in a leaky gut that lets large amounts of bacterial products reach the liver.
Bacterial products, otherwise called Lipopolysaccharide are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide found on the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria. When they reach the liver, they act
as ENDOTOXIN and elicit a strong reaction from your immune system which can cause inflammation and contribute to the initiation and progression of liver disease.
So as you can see, pro/prebiotics are much more than food.
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